What principle guides the selection of force options in fast-moving encounters?

• A. The pursuit of maximum force at all times.
• B. Proportionality and reasonableness based on threat, distance, and circumstances.
• C. The use of force only when a weapon is visible.
• D. The decision to de-escalate only after injuries occur.

Answer: (B)

The choice of force options in fast-moving encounters is guided by proportionality and reasonableness, judged against the threat, distance, and surrounding circumstances. This means the force used should match the level of danger presented, and be what a reasonable officer would deem necessary to stop the threat while protecting life. You assess how imminent the danger is, whether a weapon is involved or could become dangerous, how close the subject is and how quickly they can close the distance, and what options are actually available and effective in that moment. The aim is to use the least amount of force necessary to gain control or create space to reduce risk, and to transition to de‑escalation or softer options whenever safe and feasible.

Pursuing maximum force at all times ignores the need to tailor responses to the situation and can create unnecessary harm. The idea that force should be used only when a weapon is visible misses how quickly threats can emerge from an unarmed person or from body language and actions signaling imminent danger. Waiting to de-escalate until injuries occur ignores the opportunity to reduce harm and protect everyone involved.