Which of these are factors of the Graham v. Connor test?

• A. The immediate threat posed by the subject, the severity of the crime, whether the suspect is attempting to flee, and whether the suspect is resisting.
• B. The suspect's criminal history, the time of day, the weather, and the officer's badge number.
• C. The public opinion, the department budget, the location, and the suspect's race.
• D. The suspect's past relationship with the officer, the officer's mood, the season, and the traffic conditions.

Answer: (A)

The key idea being tested is how use-of-force decisions are judged under Graham v. Connor: the standard is objective reasonableness, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene with the facts known at the time. The factors that matter are those tied to the danger and the need to act: the immediate threat posed by the subject, the severity of the crime, whether the suspect is attempting to flee, and whether the suspect is resisting. These elements directly address why force might be needed and how much force is appropriate, focusing on risk and conduct in the moment rather than hindsight. Other considerations—like criminal history, time of day, weather, or a badge number—do not determine reasonableness under this standard, nor do public opinion, department budgets, the location, race, or personal relationships and mood. The emphasis stays on the situation’s threat level and the suspect’s actions to decide if the force used was reasonable.